Fin Report - 1237 Words

Group: Chia Ching Ng, Li Jing Lu Professor William C. Johnson FIN 315 Final assignment: Portfolio Project December 6, 2012 Portfolio Project We changed our strategy after the first interim report. We realized that it is hard to use â€Å"bottom-up† approach to invest by looking into a particular stock to invest. Right now, we are trying to use â€Å"top-down† approach to invest in our portfolio. Top-down approach is a method of analysis that involves looking at the big picture first, and then analyzing the details of sector or industry then towards the company or stocks. By first analyzing the overall picture, such as a macroeconomic trend, we can start narrowing potential companies to invest. After conducting some economic analysis, our†¦show more content†¦According to the data and the graph we worked out, we have outperformed Nasdaq from 10/22-11/26 and ours outperformed both on 11/14. Please refer to our graph 1 for details. The reason we think Samp;P 500 and Nasdaq could be a good benchmarks is that there are many tech stocks, consumer goods and service stocks and energy stocks just as ours does. I think one of the reason our portfolio hasn’t performed well enough is because our portfolio has a potential correlations and hasn’t been diversified enough. The stocks we picked are all that we know about, which we think has the potential to grow in the future. We had Nokia, Apple, Google, Atamp;T, Cisco, Intel for Tech stock, and we had RDS, ETP, Duke, for energy, and Wells Fargoamp;co and Coca-Cola for consumer goods and services. There are some particular stocks that we’d like to talk about: I, Lijing Lu, actually believe that Nokia is going to perform well in two month when I first started trading because its release of Lumia 920. After its presentation and new conference in Oct, it confirms my belief, and that’s why I bought a great portion of Nokia. However, it didn’t perform well as I expected it to in the next 2 weeks. We were afraid that people lose faith in Nokia even with the help of Microsoft’s generous â€Å"donation†. On Nov. 6th, we saw that Nokia was picking up, and that’s when I decided to buy back Nokia again. ThoughShow MoreRelatedFins Report Government of Tropicalia3776 Words   |  16 PagesInternational Business FINS Report Government of Tropicalia Team-Members: Christian Blum Dominik Hungen Table of contents: 1. Introduction 2. Foreign Market Entry Modes and their consequences for the negotiations during FINS 3. (Inter-)Organizational Learning and Knowledge Transfer supported by a government 4. Trust and opportunism in strategic alliances * Theory * Trust and opportunism during the FINS 5. Conclusion Read MoreBuilding A Rocket1628 Words   |  7 Pageswhich one was the most efficient, and appealing out of all the rockets. After creating, and obtaining the results, this is how â€Å"my rocket† went. In this report, you will be shown the aftermath, and the before statements of my rocket. Also, including the procedure and prior knowledge used to create my rocket. So, without further ado, this is my report. MATERIALS USED: 2L Pop-bottle Cardboard Bristol-board Paper Glue sticks Masking Tape Paint (Black Grey) TOOLS USED: Utility Knife Scissors MarkerRead MoreFin 534 Week 9 Assignment 1 - Financial Research Report1624 Words   |  7 PagesFIN 534 Week 9 Assignment 1 - Financial Research Report Purchase here http://chosecourses.com/FIN%20534/fin-534-week-9-assignment-1-financial-research-report Product Description Imagine that you are a financial manager researching investments for your client that align with its investment goals. Use the Internet or the Strayer Library to research any U.S. publicly traded company that you may consider as an investment opportunity for your client. (Note: Please ensure that you areRead MoreInteractions Between Robotics And Biology1752 Words   |  8 Pagespectoral fins and actuated caudal fin for propulsion for turning and dynamic lift. 2D velocity fields around a free swimming freshwater 2 black shark fish in transverse (YZ) longitudinal and plane (XZ) are measured using digital particle pic velocimetry (DPIV). By transferring momentum to fluid, thrust genetrated by fishes. Thrust is created not only by its caudal fin, also using pectoral and anal fins, the contribution of which depends on the fish’s morphology and swimming actions. These fins too actRead MoreEndangered Animals Are Endangered Species1178 Words   |  5 Pagesdestroys the habitat (National Wildlife Federation). The most common Florida animal that has been a victim of habitat loss is the American alligator. The American alligator was declared as endangered in 1964 due to habitat loss (Houston). In 1970, King reports that an estimate of 300,000 alligators in Florida is alive based on research done by wildlife officers. Schortemeyer researched six Florida counties Dade, Broward, Palm Beach, Monroe, and Hendry and classified each on the amount of available habitatRead MoreThe Extinction of Fin Whale967 Words   |  4 Pageswhich are found to be in large number. Fin whale is among those mammals that are found in marine life. This type of whale is found in all types of oceans and is a suborder to baleen whales. Fin whale is a very heavy whale. Its weight is estimated to be around 74-75 tones. The weight is not only the only characteristic bu t its length is also very interesting. A fin whale is said to be the second longest animal of the world in terms of its length as a fish. A fin whale is a beautiful creation of GodRead MoreMaui Dolphin Persuasive Essay1623 Words   |  7 Pagesmarkings. The sides and back are light grey, with white â€Å"flames† reaching up along the sides of its body. The underside is whitish, while the face, flippers, dorsal fin and tail are all black. There is a crescent-shaped black mark between its blowhole and eyes. It has a short snout and is easily recognized by the round shape of the dorsal fin. Females grow to 1.7 metres long and weigh up to 50 kg. Males are slightly smaller and lighter. They are known to live up to twenty years. The calves live on theirRead MoreKiller Whales Kept in Captivity Essay1469 Words   |  6 Pageslike dorsal fin collapse and dental problems. A visitor to SeaWorld or Six Flags can see that many of the captive orcas’ dorsal fins have collapsed. Orc as seen in the wild usually do not have collapsed dorsal fins (Kirby). Companies like SeaWorld claim that the dorsal fin collapse of killer whales â€Å"isn’t an indicator of the animal’s health or well being† (Cronin). This is a false statement, because out in the wild, dorsal fin collapse is rarely seen in orcas (Kirby). Orcas dorsal fins collapse inRead MoreStop Whaling Now Essay1450 Words   |  6 PagesJapan took a total of 866 whales in 2006/07 season: 3 Southern Hemisphere fin whales, 508 Southern Hemisphere minke whales, 197 North Pacific minke whales, 51 North Pacific Brides whales, 101 North Pacific sei whales, 6 North Pacific sperm whales, The 2005/06 season was the first time Japan had taken fin whales, an endangered species, Japan have previously announced that in the 2007-08 they will increase their take of fin whales to 50, and also take 50 humpback whales as part of their â€Å"scientificRead MoreThe Dolphin Is A Breed Of Dolphin3023 Words    |  13 Pagesapproximately 1.2-1.7m and weigh roughly around 50kg (3)(4). Majority of the dolphin is coloured a light grey (back and sides), whilst having a white brush of colour along the sides of its body. They have an identifiable dorsal fin as it is more rounded compared to most dolphin fins that are sickle-shaped (5)(6). They feed on small fish such as squid, flatfish, and cod, therefore not making too big an impact on the food chain. Over the recent years Maui dolphins have declined in numbers from approximately

Zara It for Fashion Free Essays

string(52) " store to determine generate business intelligence\." Report Title: Zara: IT for Fashion Executive Summary: Zara is a fashion company founded by Amancio Ortega in Spain in 1975. It is part of Inditex holding company, a large fashion retail chain that operates five other clothing brands. Since its inception, Zara has been financially very successful as it contributes the most to Inditex’s overall revenue. We will write a custom essay sample on Zara: It for Fashion or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also, Zara’s fast growth is represented by its massive global presence; it has stores all over the world from Americas to Middle East to Europe, its principal market. In my analysis, Zara’s competitive advantage lies in its ability to mass produce a large range of highly demanded latest designer clothes faster than its other competitors in the industry. By virtue of being first in the market, Zara is able to gain a larger chunk of the revenue pie than its competitors. However, Zara’s financial success and global brand recognition hides many structural inefficiencies and wastages across its business units. My analysis shows that Zara’s main problem stems from its inability to value the importance of having the right information at the right time. This is evidenced by Zara’s hesitance to invest in suitable technological infrastructure that collects, analyzes and interprets valuable data to make the most effective decisions. Furthermore, Zara’s organizational structure is plagued with disjointed business units that fail to understand the relationship between two separate units within the organizations. This faulty organizational structure has not only severely hampered Zara’s ability to garner synergies among its business units but also has become the source of lost revenue due to inefficiencies and wastages. Finally, the culture of making important business decisions within Zara by its management based off of gut feeling rather than a well analyzed business information, patterns and statistical method, greatly dangers Zara’s competitive advantages over its competitors. I would recommend Zara to tackle its two biggest problems– a) absence of modern technological infrastructure and b) lack of collecting, storing and sharing infrastructure needed to generate vital business information to make quality decisions. This recommendation entails the use of Windows based new POS system for all the Zara stores. Also, the use of cloud computing to collectively store all its data that could be used in generation vital business information. Furthermore, I would recommend the use of tablets instead of handheld computers to increase efficiency and communication capability in all of Zara stores. I would broadly divide the structural problems with Zara into two categories: 1. Outdated Technological Infrastructure The biggest problem within Zara is that they lack appropriate technological infrastructures that aid in the decision making process. I absolutely disagree with Sanchez’s argument that Zara does not need to fix something, in this case its POS system, if it is not broken. He also argues that upgrading the POS systems would make it more complicated. In my analysis, Sanchez’s argument fails because he sees Zara’s current comparative advantage in various market segments as a permanent thing rather than something that is constantly changing. Secondly, by opting for simplicity, Zara is sacrificing efficiency and effectiveness. Ultimately, the absence of the suitable infrastructure that can collect, analyze and interpret data to aid Zara’s commercials, store product managers and store managers to make quality decisions, makes Zara vulnerable to fall behind its competitors. Below are the few examples, where Zara’s lack of advanced technological infrastructure hurts them and possible solutions. First, Zara’s outdated technological infrastructure is inhibiting its speed and decision making ability throughout the organization. Zara is a company that depends heavily on capitalizing on new fashion trends rather than on expensive advertising campaign. Thus, it is imperative for Zara to correctly identify new market trends and execute manufacturing orders before its competitors. But it is unlikely that commercials at Zara will be able to consistently predict the new fashion decision without analyzing relevant data to derive information and business decisions. They may guess the new fashion designs correctly few times, courtesy of their experience, but in general their prediction will miss the target more often than not. So, unless Zara updates its archaic infrastructure that can efficiently collect data, help managers develop patterns and better understand the market, they will be forced out of the market. Second, Zara’s ability to forecast and analyze its performance under various market situations is handicapped by its old infrastructure. Most businesses that are successful take into account and analyze all the possible scenarios that can affect them before making critical decisions. Usually called event-driven analysis or simply, what if analysis; it gives a business a sense of all the possible opportunities and threats out there in the market. However, a business mostly requires a large amount of data that they need to analyze in order to conduct a successful what if analysis. In Zara’s case, they lack that data gathering and sharing ability because of their old infrastructure. So for example, Zara has no clue how their revenue is going to be impacted if Benetton opens up a hundred new stores in Madrid. This is serious problem for Zara because it may be losing market share but they have no accurate way of verifying it. Furthermore, Zara’s dependence on MS-DOS based POS system is threatening its viability as a business at a store level and limiting its expansion opportunities. Mainly because Microsoft has discontinued its support for MS DOS and Zara’s suppliers aren’t willing to a long term contract that guarantees future supplies of MS DOS based POS, Zara is in a vulnerable position. Also, the situation within a Zara store, in terms data collection and sharing, is dangerously low. For example, a Zara store manager currently cannot access critical business information necessary for decision making. Even information on simple things such as the sales figure, the pattern of sales, and the number of unsold items are unavailable to the store manager. Rather a Zara store manager currently has to rely on canvassing the store to determine generate business intelligence. You read "Zara: It for Fashion" in category "Papers" Similarly on the hardware side, a Zara store managers over reliance on an outdated handheld computer is putting the prospective revenue of the Zara’s business at tremendous risk. Currently, a Zara store manager uses a hand-held computer with a very small screen, probably with poor image quality, to analyze information about the new clothing designs and then decide. In an artistic industry as fashion where people care about even smallest of small details, the store managers are asked to value and to decide their portfolio of new clothes using a device that is inadequate. Furthermore, the store managers have to rely on a dial up connection, which has a host of issues frequently, to link up with the office at La Courna once every night. With the store managers facing â€Å"hard deadlines† to post their orders and they having to rely on a dial up connection to send that important order, the pressure on the store managers must be very high. Possible Solutions: First, at a store level, Zara can choose from Windows, Unix or Linux based POS to replace all of its outdated MS-DOS based POS. In my analysis, a new POS based on Windows OS is the best solution for Zara’s current needs. First, the regular OS upgrades provided by Microsoft eliminate Zara’s concern about its OS being outdated. Zara can also leverage Microsoft’s variety of well tested software packages to aid in the collection, storage, analysis and interpretation of business information. Furthermore, with windows Live software such as SkyDrive, individual Zara store can store all its vital data in the cloud and share it among commercials and store product managers in different locations. Also, one benefit of using Microsoft OS is that almost all big software developers use MS OS as their primary platform. This ensures that Zara will not be disadvantaged due to incompatibility of major software. While on the other hand, licensing and maintaining fees for Windows can be expensive. Also, the issue with security may be a big concern for Zara as it uses Microsoft OS which has a history of being vulnerable to hacking, virus infection and so on. Second, Zara should upgrade to new POS terminals rather than reprogramming the new OS to fit the old hardware. First, there can be a problem if old hardware is not compatible with the new OS despite re-writing and customizing the new OS. Furthermore, the old hardware may fail to fully utilize the capabilities of the new OS system. More importantly, it may be faster for Zara to replace all the POS than reqrite the program for the old hardware. But the criteria for the new POS system should be that it should be able to store and communicate data to the central office at La Courna and to the store manager. Finally, an android based over an iOS based tablet could be a reasonable alternative to the current use of handheld computers. Because android tablets are more compatible with the Windows OS, which was the OS of choice for Zara, I would recommend an android tablet. Also, android tablets provide Zara store managers the ability to access critical business information from the cloud and easily communicate with the central office to place orders, evaluate new fashion designs, and send or receive critical business information from La Courna. Also, these tablets are compatible with a host of different spreadsheet and document applications that a Zara store manager could rely on to get vital business information before making purchase decisions. 2. Bad Business Practice: Random Decision Making, a Culture inside Zara. In my analysis, the culture inside Zara of allowing lower management to take important decisions such as production schedule and stock distribution based on their gut feeling and yet not checked by senior management, is simply too dangerous. Any business management student can attest that delegation of higher responsibilities to junior staff members and independent decision making is positively correlated with higher performance and returns, and I am all up for it too. However, research also has shown that in terms of decision making, the best decisions are made when experiences of managers are combined with their analysis of business information. While currently in Zara, decisions are solely based off of experience with no use of business information to draw inferences about pattern and trends. The primary two problems with such method are that those decisions tend to random and also, heavily biased towards personal preference and beliefs. A company like Zara cannot afford bad decision when its comparative advantage lies in producing clothes of the future. Below are the few examples of random decision making within Zara which have resulted in wastage and time lag and possible solutions to eradicate them. First, the decisions about Zara’s production based on random experiences can be very costly. Currently Zara’s store product managers, who decide what new design is approved in Zara, largely rely on their random observations of what people are wearing and conversations with Zara store managers to predict the next big fashion hit. However, decision making on the basis of experience alone tends to produce more misses that hits. And for a company like Zara which heavily depends on rapid production of latest fashionable clothes, â€Å"fashion misses† can be extremely costly. The ideal situation would be to allow business managers to combine their experience with valuable business information to derive business strategies and then apply them to decisions about future fashion trends. Similarly, the approach of commercials within Zara to decide the allocation of replenishment, highly demanded clothes in SKUs or DCs and most importantly, newly designed clothes is misguided. The current practice within Zara regarding allocation is to divide the available stock among all the Zara stores who wanted it. The critical problem with this approach is that it ignores the concept of opportunity cost. For example, let’s assume that using a detailed analysis, a commercial within Zara concludes that a piece of clothing â€Å"A† is highly demanded in London than in Bahrain. With this information the Zara commercial can push clothing â€Å"A† completely towards stores in London where it is highly demanded at the expense of stores in Bahrain. Rather than allocating among all stores, the approach of using business information to decide which stores have higher opportunity will be better for Zara’s bottom-line. Conversely, when the demand for the clothes exceed supply the Zara’s commercials allocated by looking at past performances and previous supply records. Although, this method is significantly better than the simple allocation, it could be much better if the commercials used further scenario analysis using previous business information to check if the success of the stores were a one off events or whether previously unsuccessful stores have turned a corner. Possible solutions: Zara’s main problem stems from its lack of infrastructure that is able to collect, store and communicate data so that all the responsible individuals within Zara can use it to make good individual decisions. Among the myriad of a Network options with the aforementioned capability, In my analysis, could computing is ideal for Zara. The advantages associated with using the cloud is its scalability. In the near future, Zara aims to expand its stores and its operations to new locations all across the globe. With a cloud based software the increased need to collect, store and share data within the Zara network will be as easy as buying extra space from the a cloud hosting services. In addition, cloud computing almost infinite amount of storage to store and backup data. This will be ideal for Zara who has a large number of store spread across many continents. Furthermore, unlike a distributed network, with cloud computing Zara store managers, commercials and store product managers can share common application software directly from the cloud without having to purchase or physically transport the software. However, security of the highly sensible data is a big concern when using cloud computing. Unlike a distributive network, there remains a threat that a close competitor in the industry unfairly accesses critical business information such as Zara’s new clothes design or cost of production, supplier’s list, when using cloud computing. Final Recommendation: My final recommendation for Zara aims to tackle two big problems within Zara – a) absence of technological infrastructure and b) lack of collecting, storing and sharing vital business information to make quality decisions. My first recommendation for Zara is to build a sophisticated technological infrastructure across the company. Zara should replace its old MS DOS based POS with a Windows based POS with advanced features such as touch screens, bar code reader and credit card to increase the overall efficiency and speed of transaction. Also, the development of a customized software that automatically stores detailed data about the transaction such as type of design, time (days, months), and cost automatically from the POS system and saves it in a cloud space. Also, I would recommend the use of tablet, preferably android, for individual store managers so that they can have easy access to vital business information in real time and also be able to communicate with the central office and DCs. Furthermore, I would even suggest providing tablets to all commercials and store product managers so that they can have access to specific and vital information about all aspect of the business directly from the cloud. The analysis and interpretation of all the information will enable them to making production, future design decisions, and allocation decisions. My second recommendation for Zara would be to subscribe to a cloud computing service provider in order to store all relevant data from all its stores, its DCs and SKUs. Also, I would suggest Zara to build customized software that has the capability to correctly organize relevant data into different categories according to specific need of different management levels within Zara. Regarding the security issues with using a cloud computing, Zara can enforce cloud storage access password on the basis of seniority in the management hierarchy. So for example, a temporary sub-store manager cannot access the future clothes design for Zara while a commercial has a full access. However, I would not recommend Zara to get involved in selling clothes online. Zara’s comparative advantage lies selling clothes through it well designed and strategically located stores that span all over the world. Thus, unless Zara can build up huge storage and distribution centers, hire e-commerce specialists and figure out a new business model, I wouldn’t suggest Zara to go online. Within the current organizational framework, going online would do more harm than good. The implementation of these two recommendations will insure that all the members of the management team have all the vital business information in real time in order to make an informed decision. Also, it will insure that Zara’s stores serves dual function efficiently serving customer and also providing important data back to the head office in Spain. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Stock Keeping Unit [ 2 ]. Distribution Centers How to cite Zara: It for Fashion, Papers

Event Tourism Impact On The Economy Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Event Tourism Impact On The Economy. Answer: Event tourism has become a globally significant factor that has a great impact on the economy, culture ad environment on the region where it has been arranged. Event tourism is a method of destination marketing orientation through which the marketers create events for attracting the tourists. This process includes facilitating and creating various types of events where the catalysts, image makers, animators and the place marketers (Gursoy, Milito and Nunkoo 2017). These cohorts manage the portfolios of events as the assets of that particular destination. Here the tourists are the core business for whom the destination events are created. From the aspect of demand, event tourism increases the propensity of travel for attending events both to the dedicated evet visitors as well as the tourists visiting vets while present in the same destination. The history of event tourism has its history in the ancient time when the Olympic games started in the ancient Greece. Later in the mediaeval age the religious people used to gather in the religious events arranged in a particular destination to follow their leaders. Afterwards, event tourism got its modern version in the 19th century with the beginning of the modern Olympic. The sports attracted the professional players around the world and with them the global audience gathered in the games village. As mentioned before, event tourism has a great impact on the economy of the region. This is due to the fact that the marketers hold different types of events for adding extra segment with the other natural attractions of the destination for the tourists (Getz and Page 2016). The regular tourists therefore select the destinations either according to the schedule of the events or attend special events beside enjoying the destinations. As the tourists are the chief focus of the event organisers, the infrastructure andtransportation management get special attention of the governments (Dogan and Aslan 2017). These industries directly subsidise the tourism industry hence affect the economy of the region. As the tourists visit the spot to attend the events, the hospitality sector which include the hotels and restaurants where the visitors stay and eat, gets benefitted. According to the variation of events there are mainly two types of events, one is for entertainment which include music festivals, royal occasions, weddings, carnivals, sports events and various types of fairs. Another type of events comprises of business summits, political campaignings, meetings, science seminars, medical clinics and educational conferences. According to the size of the events there are mainly of four types which are comprises of mega events, hallmark events, major and community events. Mega events have higher value and highest tourist demand hence get the highest media coverage. These have the most tourist attractiveness therefore take highest responsibility for development. The instance of mega events includes the football world cup, rugby world cup ceremonies and mega music festivals. The hallmark events include the celebrations with a fortnights duration (Tyrvinen, Silvennoinen and Hallikainen 2017). For example, The Atlanta Conference, Artificial Intelligence Conference Exhibition where the managers increase awareness and appeal for one particular notion yet manage the profitability of the tourist destination. Through these types of events, the destinations get benefit to demonstrate quality, tradition, culture and attractiveness to the visitors. Both mega and hall mark events offer the host venue an immense popularity and competitive edge than other places. Major and community events do not have such popularity and media coverage. They have medium tourist attractions. The visitors who attend such events are either the local people or the tourists present at that place at that time (Ouyang, Gursoy and Sharma 2017). These types of events do not have huge international visitors but can be more appealing to the brands operation who work in the local level. The economic expectations are much less from these events and seek less investments. These kinds of events mainly focus on some particular group of people either art and music lovers or local businessmen who gather to exhibit their aptitudes. For example, Noosa food and wine festival and the Falls Art and Music Festival celebrated in Australia are major events which are mainly attended by the tourists present for vacation (Australia.com 2018). Woodford Folk festival is an example of community event where the people gather to share their knowledge about the Australian aboriginals. Here the culture, art, music and tradition of the communities are put up to showcase (Li, Hsu and Lawton 2015). The local talent gets exposed through exhibitions and celebrate their identities. As mentioned before that the event tourism has a far reaching effect on the local economy, it has direct contribute on to the GDP of the country. The stage services, decorations, catering services, accommodation services and transportation sector get direct advantage when a destination is selected for arranging event. Event tourism needs involvement of more people as the amount of tourist visit suddenly increases in a place for a little period of time. Hence carets scopes for employment which enhances the scope for improvement of lifestyle as well as per capita income of a family. Sometimes, there are music festivals, sports and other celebrations in which the demand of the traditional handicraft increases among the visitors. Handicrafts and souvenirs are potential for contributing in the economic growth of the country. In order to provide the international visitors all kind of facilities, the local and national governments collect taxes and get grants from their sponsors which are spent in improving the infrastructure of the destination so that the destination can be best fitted for more types of evets later (Arranz et al. 2017). However, in this case, often the destinations may not arrange proper facilities of accommodation and catering, then the international brand gather and arrange all necessities for the events and take away their share of profit without contributing anything in the national income. Events according to their size and popularity have a great mass movement either in local, national or international aspects. This movement has a great effect on the society and culture of the region. Through events, the tourists visit the destination place and communicate with the local people. By doing this, they exchange their knowledge that reflect their culture. Thus the cultural exchange start which has a positive effect on both the cultures. Different kinds of events attract different types of people hence the local companies get to know the culture and behaviour of the visitors and learn the tools for serving them accordingly. Through community events along with mega or hall mark events, the local artists or musicians get chance to showcase their events before the international visitors which may popularise them internationally. The events also effect the environment of the destination. Due to mass movement into one place suddenly increases pollution level as well as human wastes that affect the balance of the region greatly. Due to improving infrastructure such as buildings for accommodation for the international guests, transport system, stadiums and places for arranging the events lead to deforestation. This however, leads to increase the level of carbon emission which takes much time to be mitigated. However, in some cases, for international events, the agencies and governments take care of mending the defective infrastructure and drainage system along with forestation which reduce pollution. References: Arranz, N., Ubierna, F., Arroyabe, M.F., Perez, C. and Fdez. de Arroyabe, J.C., 2017. The effect of tourism education on students entrepreneurial vocation.Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism,17(3), pp.312-330. Australia.com (2018).Concerts and Performances in Australia - Tourism Australia. [online] Australia.com. Available at: https://www.australia.com/en/events/concerts-and-performances.html [Accessed 24 Mar. 2018]. Dogan, E. and Aslan, A., 2017. Exploring the relationship among CO2 emissions, real GDP, energy consumption and tourism in the EU and candidate countries: Evidence from panel models robust to heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,77, pp.239-245. Getz, D. and Page, S.J., 2016. Progress and prospects for event tourism research. Tourism Management,52, pp.593-631. Gursoy, D., Milito, M.C. and Nunkoo, R., 2017. Residents' support for a mega-event: The case of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, Natal, Brazil.Journal of Destination Marketing Management,6(4), pp.344-352. Li, X., Hsu, C.H. and Lawton, L.J., 2015. Understanding residents perception changes toward a mega-event through a dual-theory lens.Journal of Travel Research,54(3), pp.396-410. Ouyang, Z., Gursoy, D. and Sharma, B., 2017. Role of trust, emotions and event attachment on residents' attitudes toward tourism. Tourism Management,63, pp.426-438. Tyrvinen, L., Silvennoinen, H. and Hallikainen, V., 2017. Effect of the season and forest management on the visual quality of the nature-based tourism environment: a case from Finnish Lapland.Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research,32(4), pp.349-359.

Written and Psychological Contracts of Employment

The basic nature of employee-employer interaction is dictated by the nature of exchange in the employment relationship. An employment relationship is a contract based on a mutually agreed on, voluntary made exchange of promises. In this exchange, each party stands to gain if the exchange agreement is fulfilled and again, each party loses if it is not (Spielberger, 2008, p. 494)Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Written and Psychological Contracts of Employment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A contract is always born from between the employer and employee when the employee agrees the terms of employment in which case the acceptance may entail paperwork or just a word of mouth. There are three elements to the contract: offer, an â€Å"acceptance,† and consideration, which typically takes the form of a â€Å"promise by the employee to perform services in exchange for the promise by the employer to pay for su ch services† (Reid and Standryk, 2004) The employment relationship is usually documented in a contract of employment which can be a written statement contains certain terms and conditions regarding a given job. However, it necessarily does not have to be in writing, in which case it is called a psychological contract. The basic indication of the existence of an employment contract is the consent of both the employee and the employer to fulfill their obligations, with the former willing to work with expectation of compensation from the latter. It is from this contract that the basis for the relationship between the two parties is drawn, with the contract giving both parties certain rights and obligations called contractual terms, which should complement the rights enjoyed under the statutory labor laws, for example, the right to paid annual leave. Here, an introduction into the content and nature of the employment relationship is given, followed by a definition of the written c ontract of employment, expounding on the statutory rights, formation, and termination. In addition, the psychological contract of employment is discussed which includes its formation and breach. Key Differences between Written and Psychological Contracts of Employment The main difference between a written and psychological contract lies on how they are made such that, a written contract is always documented and provides duties and responsibilities in a generalized form, while psychological contract involves perceive obligation on the part of both employer and employee. In this case, a written contract will require have specific wording regarding the responsibilities of either party as well as terms of the contract while a psychological contract will only entail reasonable judgement about responsibilities one should undertake.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Robi nson (1996), Psychological contracts tend to be primarily subjective as they depend on what either party to the contract believes is contained in the promise, in which case both parties may have contradicting interpretation. On the other hand, written contracts are objective and clearly stated in the contract form such that both parties expect the same results from the contract. Due to the uncertainty nature of the psychological contracts, it is always difficult to resolve disputes, more so because evidence of agreement may not be categorically substantiated unlike in written contracts where signed and formalized documentation cannot be ignored. Psychological contracts are normally established informally through dialogue between the employer and employee on the role each of them can perform in the contract, without specifically outlining the details of the duties each party will perform. In the case of written contracts, the contract document will contain explicit outline of duties and expectations of the contract, which must be signed by the both parties, thus acting as compete piece of evidence in the event a dispute arises. Although it is important to provide all employees with written contracts, some assignments such as freelancer may not need written contracts. Breach of the psychological contract basically arises when either party to the contract feels that the other party has not fulfilled his obligation as promised. Since the magnitude of the breach may not be explicitly defined, the person who feels aggrieved will be affected psychologically and emotionally, with the response being loss of loyalty or loss of motivation, thus leading to general underperformance in the long run. Worse still, unresolved breach of psychological contracts may prove costly especially if there interference with the firm’s reputation as perceived by outsiders (Robinson, 1996). On the other hand, breach of written contracts is easily quantified, especially where either party fails to meet expectations, while resolution for the same is always included in the contract form. Formation of a written employment contract normally takes place upon the commencement of the contractual obligation, and according to the statutory requirement, the employer has the mandate to ensure the written contract form is provided to the employee not more than two months after the first day of employment. Therefore, any instance of holding the contract document, as is the case with some employers, is a violation of law, while the employee has the right to demand for the same without any form of intimidation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Written and Psychological Contracts of Employment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Under the written contracts, terms and conditions of termination are explicitly stated, which in most cases may include lapse of time, mutual agreement, one party giving notice of term ination or summary dismissal especially due to breach of terms. However, there are instances where legal redress may be sought especially when there is no ‘just cause’ for termination. Using Appropriate Theoretical Discussion, Identify How Psychological Contracts Can Be Broken By Employers Employees’ perceptions of employer psychological contract fulfillment/breach provide the basis upon which employees reciprocate. The assumption made here is that employees have delivered on the terms of their exchange so that the basis for employer reciprocation (i.e. employer fulfillment of obligations) exists (Conway and Coyle-Shapiro, 2006). One challenge arises on how to measure that the psychological contract has been breached, given that what one perceives as a breach may not necessarily appear as breach of contract to the other. For instance, some changes in the behavior of the boss concerning the relationship with employees such as refraining from routine morning greeti ngs or reverting to phone conversations instead of routine face to face discussions may appear as a breaking the psychological contract to the employee, but not to the employer. However, certain breaches of contract have far-reaching effect, thus should be addressed before they become detrimental to the firm. Poor human resource policies are likely to cause breach of psychological contracts from the employee’s perspective. In some cases, employees will perceive a broken psychological contract when promises made by the employer about human resource practices do not add up to what is actually delivered (Conway and Briner, 2005, p. 65). Employees require mentorship, guidance, and support from their boss while in the organization. Where such support is unavailable, employees feel that their social well-being is ignored and that the employer has failed to perform his part of psychological contract (Conway and Briner, 2005, p. 65). The ever-changing business environment including c ompetition in the labour market has forced organization to rethink their strategies, more so in human resources, with the primary aim being to improve employment relationship.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a result of the dynamic climate, employment contractual relationships are becoming more and more threatened, while the hitherto security of tenure and reward for employee loyalty and performance is changing shape. Indeed, psychological contracts are becoming even more risky as most employers and employees alike are more likely to breach their part of bargain (Robinson, 1996). Oftentimes, employees will perceive that employers have broken their contractual obligation and will always react through reducing their level of performance, changing the way they behave in the organization, and always seeking an opportunity to leave the firm for another. Conclusion The world of business is rapidly changing, especially with globalization bringing about integration of both commodity and labour markets on a global level. In this case, competition has gone a notch higher, calling for organizations to restructure their internal resource policies, more importantly on human resources in order to attain a competitive advantage; indeed, organizations are â€Å"pressured to make rapid changes and accommodations to their workforce and employment policies† (Cappelli, 1999, Coffey, Cook, and Hunsaker, 1994). Moreover, it is becoming important for employers to appreciate the role played by employees in organizations’ performance and must find a balancing act on how they must â€Å"manage, renegotiate, and in some cases, violate the psychological contract that they have established with their employees† (Rousseau 1995). Nevertheless, it is paramount that organizations rethink on the effective way to fulfill their roles in psychological contracts in addition to formal written contract given that such contracts are almost inevitable, otherwise they will be always under financial and reputation risk. Reference List Cappelli, P., 1999. The new deal at work: managing the market-driven workforce. MA, Harvard Business Press. Coffey, R. E., Cook C. W., and Hunsaker, P. L., 1994. Management and Organizational Behavior. 3rd Edition. NY, McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Conway, N. and Briner, R. B., 2005. Understanding psychological contracts at work: a critical evaluation of theory and research. NY, Oxford University Press. Conway, N. and Coyle-Shapiro, J. A. M., 2006. Reciprocity and Psychological Contracts: Employee Performance and Contract Fulfillment. London, WC1E 7HX, UK. Web. Reid, R. B. and Standryk, L. E., 2004. The Written Employment Contract. Lancaster. Brooks Welch LLP. Web. Robinson, L. S., 1996. Trust and Breach of the Psychological Contract. Journal of Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 41. Web. Rousseau, D. M., 1995. Psychological contracts in organizations: understanding written and unwritten agreements. NJ, SAGE. Spielberger, C. D., 2008. Encyclopedia of Applied Psychology. Volume 2. MO, Academic Press. Web. This essay on Written and Psychological Contracts of Employment was written and submitted by user Arjun P. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Death Of A Salesman Essays - Characters In Macbeth, Free Essays

Death Of A Salesman Essays - Characters In Macbeth, Free Essays Death Of A Salesman On one spring day four black widow spiders (two begin male and 2 begin female) went up a tree in couples of the opposite sex. One couple was foreign to America, the other was not. They were all at their sexual prime and to do a mating ritual called sex. When the foreigners were done the male became very tired and all he wanted to do was sleep, but the much larger female spider flighty and talkative. She wanted to talk of their recent sexual experience, but the male was far too tired and told her to shut-up. Like all women she became emotionally scared and in retaliation she killed her much smaller spouse. Not exactly the June Cleaver type of spider is she? On the other side of the tree lie the American Widows. The female does not feel that sexually active, but she spreads her eight legs and submits herself in honour of her idea of a greater male cause. The fact of the matter is that the American woman never had the chance to fulfill their mission (which is inborn in all of man) to prosper in life, but they cannot do this seeing that they are confined in the kitchen, busy doing the dishes and saying . . .yes dear. Would you like another beer? The role of the American woman (which was to look after the man of the house and the house itself) is vividly exemplified through Linda Loman in Arthur Millers Death Of A Salesman. Of course Arthur knows all about the role of women in American society, how do you think his dishes got done when he was writing this play. Before we start to delve in the juicy core of this essay, lets get one thing straight. An aggressive and eager woman makes a powerful difference in the evolution of society. Take Lady Macbeth from William Shaksperes Macbeth. She did wonders for both Scotland and Macbeth. Its really ashame that hes own people decapitated him at the end of the play. Look at Eve from the Bible in the book of Genius. Good old Adam couldnt screwed it up for the rest of mankind without Eves guiding hand. And look at the Mrs. Ramsay from Robertson Davies Fifth Business. Without her, poor Dunny probably wouldnt have joined the army and he would still had his leg that he lost in the war. On a more serious note, women have been deprived to excell in such things as politics for example. I believe the world would be a better place if the women were running it. Oh ya, there would be no war, the estragon of a woman would take care of that, well, except when there PMS-ing or the older ones are having hot flashes. But there is a way around that problem. If the women organized it so there would be at least five to six female Presidents and the one thats in power thats PMS-ing would resign and go have visits intern - Monty Lewinsky while another President takes over. Furthermore there would be no world famine, except when the women are pregnant and there emotional session with Richard Simmons is over and he is out of there sight. It is indeed a fact that if the American Woman were to be treated equal to men (as they should be) I definitely believe that the world or America at least would have been a better place to live in, for the women would be the missing gap in most American situations that spaned outside the kitchen. Although they are not perfect like Lady Macbeth, Eve, and Mrs. Ramsay either are us men. Linda Loman from Death Of A Salesman is one of those women that would have been an excellent as asset to her family and others around her. She was disheartened housewife which fulfilled all the tasks of the usual American housewife - that which is central to accomplish the American Dream(which was a family with a financially success for a father figure, a caring wife that is responsible for cooking, cleaning, support, sex whenever the man demands it, children minimum of two which are of the opposite sex, a nice house, a nice car and of course that white picket fence.) To follow Lindas example as she lives her life is to be considered to most Americans a prime example to go by.

What Is the ACT Fifth Section Answers From ACT, Inc.

What Is the ACT Fifth Section Answers From ACT, Inc. SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you took the ACT on April 9th or if you had friends who did, you might have heard there was a fifth section, which is abnormal. Usually, the ACT has four sections plus an optional writing section: Math, Reading, English, and Science. However, on April 9th, at certain test centers, there were five sections plus an optional writing section: Math, Reading, English, Science, and additional Science. What was this fifth section? Why was it there? I talked to theDirector of Public Relations atACT, Inc., and got the answers! What Is the ACT Fifth Section? This ACT fifth section was an experimental section. This was confirmed by EdColby, the Director of Public Relations at ACT, Inc.If you’re familiar with the SAT, you know that on every test they include anexperimental section, which doesn’t count towards your score.If you took the ACT on April 9th and were panicked about the fifth section (the extra science section), do not fret! The fifth section will not count towards your score. Repeat, this section will not be factored into your ACT score, so do not stress about it. According to Mr. Colby, this isn't the first time the ACT has included an experimental section.While the ACT is not as well known for having an experimental section, ACT, Inc.,includes experimental sections with the ACT a couple of times per year.It’s not done on every test date, and it’s not done at all test centers. Mr. Colby said that, typically, students who take the ACT without the optional essay will be the ones to see the experimental section.The ACT test writersknow that it’s a long test and try to keep the experimental section as concise as possible.The experimental section is usually 30 minutes long.The experimental section could cover questions from any of the four sections:Math, Reading, English, or Science. Why Is It There? The experimental section is there to help ACT, Inc., field test potential new questions.On the April 9th test, it seems the ACT was testing out some new questions for the science section. Think of the experimental section like an experiment.ACT, Inc., is conducting an experiment using you the test-takers.They have new questions that they think are fair, but they want to test that hypothesis.To test that hypothesis, they include the extra section after the normal test is complete. They don’t tell you that the section is experimental or that it doesn’t count because they want you the test-taker to take the section seriously.If every student knew the section was experimental/didn’t count, how many students would just choose to sleep during the section and/or not bubble anything in the scantron?Probably quite a few students would not complete the section. They need students to put as much effort into the experimental section as they would the other four sections, so they can compare how students did on the regular questions to how students did on the experimental section. Based on how students performed, the ACT will decide whether the questions are fair.If they decide the questions are fair, the ACT will likely incorporate them into a future test.If not, the ACT likely tosses out those questions. Mr. Colby noted that ACT, Inc., really appreciate all of the students who take the experimental section and hopes they take it seriously because it will help ensure their peers have a fair test. Students who took the section had varied reactions. What Were Student Reactions? To gauge student reactions, I went to Twitter: So what was that 5th @ACT test for? - Marina (@Marina_faith123) April 9, 2016 Since when is there a fifth part to the ACT test - â“ ¡Ã¢â€œâ€Ã¢â€œ Ã¢â€œâ€ (@renenicole1016) April 9, 2016 Act test was decent that science wasn't even asking questions about the experiment 😂💠¯Ã°Å¸Ëœ © - The Under-under Dog (@DreBryant5) April 9, 2016 Students were generally very thrown off by the fifth section.Also, as I said earlier, students were not told this was an experimental section, and many students were/are afraid this section will count towards their score. Remember, if you took the April 9th test or if you take the ACT in the future and see a fifth section, this section is experimental and will not count towards your score. What Does This Mean For You? This means that if you're planning on taking the ACT sometime in the future, do not be worried if you see a fifth section. Know that this section is experimental and will not count towards your ACT composite score. That being said, you should treat the section seriously since it will affect future ACT test. Try to complete it to the best of your ability, but don't stress about feeling unprepared for the content. You don't need to be prepared for the content since it will not count towards your score. What’s Next? Getting ready to take the ACT soon? Check out our ultimate guides to the Reading, English, Math, andScience sections. Also, make sure you know the rules and regulations. Applying to college? Not sure where you want to go? Read our guideto finding your target schooland our guide to finding your target ACT score. Stressed about your college application? Read our guides to letters of recommendation, personal essays, and the common app. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Confronting Gender Inequality in Botswana Essay

Confronting Gender Inequality in Botswana - Essay Example Many of the government’s Western-influenced programs have addressed, but failed to root out, ancient customs that continue to challenge the country’s attempts to achieve equality. Customary inequality: Gender disparity among married women Botswana’s legal system operates in an awkward and impractical two-track paradigm, with cultural laws and customs existing alongside the nation’s common law. The conflict inherent in this system allows traditional gender inequality to exist in spite of anti-discriminatory laws passed by the government in recent years, written expressly to establish a gender-neutral social system. Botswana’s traditional law remains â€Å"particularly prejudicial to women’s rights, perpetuating unequal power relations between men and women and strengthening stereotypes on (Name) 2 the role of women† (Shadow Report to the CEDAW Committee, BOCONGO, 2009). The Domestic Violence Act was passed in 2008 but unequal power rela tions persist between men and women. This law criminalized acts of violence against women, but the fundamental conflict between tribal/customary and common law has frustrated efforts to legislate equality between the sexes. In Botswana, even today, â€Å"under customary law and common rural practices men are perceived to have the right to ‘chastise’ their wives† (Shadow Report to the CEDAW Committee, BOCONGO, 2009). At present, the law sets 18 as the minimum marriage age. But traditional practice honors no such age limit and considers women of all ages to be minors, extending no individual financial or property rights. Worse, married women who experience physical violence of some form have very few practical rights. A 2009 United Nations report indicated that three of every five women in Botswana have experienced some kind of domestic violence. The minimum punishment for rape is 10 years in prison, but marital rape is not a criminal offense. There is no provision in the law requiring victims to be tested for rape and, as of 2010, there was only one domestic violence shelter in operation (Shadow Report to the CEDAW Committee, 2009). In a 2010 statement to the 45th session of the Convention of the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), Botswana Ambassador Boometswe Mokgothu reported that the country recognizes the importance of addressing the problem at its source. To that end, the government has embarked on a â€Å"sensitization† campaign aimed at the guardians of the country’s tribal customs, the Ntlo ya Dikgosi. â€Å"Sensitization of the Dikgosi is very important (Name) 3 to solicit their support, especially that some of the discriminatory and harmful practices that impact negatively on women and development are found in this area† (Mokgothu, 5). Addressing the problem at the tribal level stands out as a remarkably enlightened and progressive tactic aimed at effecting change at the source. It is essentia l that the government continue to establish long-term working partnerships with tribal leaders if true gender equality is to be maintained. Young, pregnant and uneducated: Seeking educational equality for pregnant teens In Botswana, pregnancy is one of the main reasons young women drop out of school.  

Julius Caesar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Julius Caesar - Essay Example Moreover political corruption was prevailed to the full extend, and the entire Mediterranean suffered from the inefficient administration of Rome. Just about since 133 B.C. in Rome itself had began continuous period of disorders. Politics, generals and demagogues fought for the power. Partisan armies (such as army of Marius in 87 B.C. and the army of Sulla in 82 B.C.) passed Rome marching. Although the Senate's incapacity to govern was clear to everybody, the majority of Roman citizens wanted to restore the republic government. Julius Caesar was, probably, the first political leader, who clearly understood, that this government was no longer worth of being preserved. Caesar came from the family of patricians, which itself had been originated from Julus - the son of Aeneas, the legendary Trojan hero, who had been born by the goddess named Aphrodite (Venus). Having such renowned ancestors, it was rather simple to Caesar to get a high post in the Roman republic. However, following the family tradition he became a priest of Jupiter, the supreme God of Rome. Strict rules forbade him to leave the city more than for two nights, to divorce with the wife, and to take weapon in his hands. But Julius's fate predetermined the other. Roman politics was divided between two factions, the optimates, who favored aristocratic rule, and the populares, who preferred to appeal directly to the electorate. He became one of the leaders of the populares party, but his patrician origin prevented him from holding the position of tribune, which Caesar had so much wished for. The majority of Caesar's family belonged to the senatorial party of optimates, which represented the interests of old aristocracy. However, Caesar from the very beginning of his political career joined to populares. The reason for this was his kinship to Gaius Marius, a great soldier, whose outstanding career had become an exemplar for young Julius. Caesar' mother Aurelia Cotta occurred from the notable patrician family, and was a real example of Roman matron, whose strictness and exactingness helped to bring her son up as a real soldier and statesman. They lived in a modest house in the Subura, a lower class neighborhood of Rome2, where Marcus Antonius Gn ipho, an orator and grammarian, who originally came from Gaul, was employed as Caesar's tutor.He got a good education and went in for politics in his youth. In 68 B.C. Caesar became the quaestor. His main responsibility was to control the state exchequer and finances. From now it gave him the right to be named the Senator. On being appointed to the position of Aedile, whose responsibility was

To His Coy Mistress Essay Example for Free

To His Coy Mistress Essay The poem is a deductive poem written by a much older person to the little mistress. The 46 line poem can be said to be divided into three different parts where the author tries to make a point. The first part, lines 1- 20, introduces the limitation of time in for the poet to sing of the mistresses’ beauty and shyness. This is seen in line 1 where the poet says â€Å"Had we enough time† and â€Å"†¦an hundred years should go to praise†¦Thine eyes, and on thy forehead gaze†. Generally, the poem is an argument that follows procession of the poet’s thought. In the second part of the poem, lines 21-32, poet says that with the poet arguing that time is indeed short and unfavorable to lovers as they can not enjoy their love for long as â€Å"†¦time is winged† â€Å"†¦And you quaint honor turn to dust, And into ashes all my lust†. In the third part, lines 33-46, the poet draws a conclusion that due to the fact that life is short and time unlimited, they should throw away any care and tear their pleasure with rough strife. The tone of the poet used a flirty and seductive tone in conveying his message to his beloved mistress. The setting of the poem is in medieval times when it was socially unacceptable for ladies to express their desire for a man even though they are in love with him. They are to show some â€Å"coyness† at first so feign indifference to the romantic advances of men. He used seductive words like â€Å"†¦two hundred to adore each breast† (line 15), â€Å"†¦and your quaint honor turns to dust†¦ and into ashes all my lust† (lines 29 and 30). The poet uses rhyme scheme that follows the aa, bb, cc pattern. He also uses metaphorical expression in the poem. This can be seen in lines 11, 22, 35 and 36. In addition to this, the poet used imagery as a tool in the poem. This can be seen in lines 6, 12, 16, 24, 27, 29, 30, 36, 38, 39. He also used simile in lines 34 â€Å"†¦like morning dew†, and lines 38 â€Å"†¦like amorous birds of prey†. He also used allusion in line 11 where he said â€Å"†¦vegetable love†.

Nuclear powers role in environmental protection :: essays research papers

Nuclear power's role in environmental protection | Nuclear techniques for environmental protection Nuclear power can be an effective tool in reducing stress on the environment. Environmental concerns are high on today's political agenda. People's awareness of the planet's precarious health has been reinforced by scientific warnings that quick, vigorous, and sustained action must be taken if we are to preserve the world in which we live. Public perception and anxiety about acid rain, ozone layer depletion, and the greenhouse effect have been heightened in recent years. Enhanced awareness offers an unprecedented opportunity for members of the world community to make rational, informed decisions in the environmental debate. Energy, in particular electricity generation, is fundamental to social and economic development. The use of hydropower, coal, oil and gas has helped to stimulate economic growth and raise the standards of living of people worldwide. All major forms of electricity generation, however, have some effect on the environment, frequently with starkly negative results. The burning of fossil fuels, scientists say, can contribute some 50 percent to the warming of the global atmosphere. Man's harnessing of these resources involves risks to the environment, as well as to people involved in activities associated with energy technologies. The link between energy and the environment is undeniable. The world must therefore carefully examine its energy alternatives, and alternatives must be found to reduce the influence of fossile fuels on the environment, in parallel with conservation efforts. Nuclear energy can claim to be a clean, economical option for the generation of electricity and as one when looking at ways to help relieve stress on the environment. Conclusions of the 14th Congress of the World Energy Conference in Montreal in late September, 1989 indicate that environmental effects of energy uses and the world's growing demand for electricity are prime reasons warranting a renewed emphasis on nuclear power. Conservation is a significant, realistic, and necessary element in trying to reduce the burning of fossil fuels. Conservation implies both a more efficient and more discriminating use of energy. But, as the former International Atomic Energy Agency's (IAEA) Director General Dr. Hans Blix has said, current plans of developing countries foresee a sharp increase in the use of fossil fuels. This means that if we are to succeed in stabilizing and indeed diminishing the greenhouse effect, industrialized countries must make the major effort. Nuclear power can be one effective tool in this vital endeavour.

Media and Communication Theory

In the 21st Century Media technology and Telecommunication Technology has undergone tremendous changes in its technological advancement. In the 1990’s this technological innovation has given birth to the World Wide Web and the Internet technology.Many writers in this field in many theoretical perspectives have analyzed the impact of media technology on society. In this essay I will discuss the theory of â€Å"technological determinism and its inevitability† using primarily the theoretical and historical evaluation of Media technology on society advocated by Burnett & P. David Marshall in their book â€Å"Web Theory: An Introduction†. In addition I will also use examples of Radio and Television on Western Society and the forces, which shaped the Medias impact on Society values and culture and, way of life as well as how it supplemented or whether it replaced the earlier Media technologies such as Television, radio, News papers and print technologies.Brief history of InternetThe origins of Internet are in the Military Institutions of USA. It was an incidental development to gather  Security information and assimilations within the defense bureaucracy. It was in the public domain as government was involved in its early development. Later the Universities recognized its potential to share information within the universities and they adopted this technology for their research work.As a result of this process the bulletin boards appeared first for science fiction and then for personal and other reasons by many user groups who had common interest. After the Internet was commercialized and independent service providers entered the market and e-commerce was introduced by the private sector and the control of web past from the public sector to the private sector. (Robert Burnett, P. David Marshall, 2003, pp: 11-12)Definition of the theory of â€Å"technological determinism and inevitabilityThe theory of technological determinism can be defined as the major influence of the dominant technology to have a major impact on society and its inevitability and its transformation power and the replacement of older technologies and social practices. It assumes that people react to technology and economic, social, institutional and political factors is not that important and the major force can be reduced to technology as a major change agent for the societies advancement and enlightenment. (Robert Burnett, P. David Marshall, 2003. pp: 10-11)Origins of the theory of â€Å"technological determinism and inevitabilityThe origins of the theory were due to several writers who promoted this theory as well as powerful people in politics and in Commerce promoted it. These writers attributed just like other media technologies the Internet also will have a revolutionary impact on society. (Robert Burnett, P. David Marshall, 2003, pp: 7-8)The ideology of technology and its effectsThe ideology of technology means is a representation is completely normal and natural for the culture as well asappropriate.   That is the new technology not only natural and normal bur also what is needed to make the society better. It reduces the debate to a functional level rather than public debate and becomes a cultural reality in every day lives and we accept new technology passively. It promotes that we cannot be happy without the latest model of technological equipment or model. (Robert Burnett, P. David Marshall, 2003, p: 9)Evaluation of Technological determinism based on Web TheoryAs discussed above from the brief history of the Internet and noticing other factors has also played a part in the evolution of the Internet such as institutional and social patterns it is obvious that new technology alone may not bring about a revolutionary change in society.   As well if this theory stifles public debate it may not produce positive outcomes and can be detriment for societies progress.   In addition it does not take in to account social, economic Institutional and political factors as important and it may oversimplify how technology impacts society and gives in appropriate weight for technology as a major factor for social betterment.However some writers of technical determinists have shed some light on the actual development of web technology, which in itself can be a major social change factor in limited situations.   They are H.A. Innis, Marshall McLuhan, Lewis Mumford (Robert Burnett, P. David Marshall, 2003, P: 12).   According to H. A InnisA dominant communication medium can be time-based or space based. (Robert Burnett, P. David Marshall, 2003, P: 13) According to him time- based communication system will produce a close society and a space based communication medium will produce a more open society. (, Robert Burnett, P. David Marshall 2003, P: 13) Web technology is an active play with space and time and its diffused and web does not have a center however as it originates in America on the other hand it may create a centralizing model of communication. (Robert Burnett, P. David Marshall, 2003, P: 14-15).Another interesting question. which arises from Inns insight is how the space is defined through the web? Does the control of virtual space control the geographical space? (Robert Burnett, P. David Marshall 2003, P: 15) The virtual space is discontinuous with the material world of countries and geopolitics. (Robert Burnett, P. David Marshall 2003, P: 15) However there may be new divides acrossEvaluation of Technological determinism based on Web Theory  geographical boundaries in the virtual world grouping activities and interests which may relate to power groups that may be not coordinated with the interests of empires if multinational companies do not control the cyberspace. If they control the cyberspace then it will have repercussions in the international geopolitics of work, economy and culture. (Robert Burnett, P. David Marshall 2003, P: 15)In the perspective of Marshall McLu han he theorizes technology as a medium. In the Web Theory of Robert Burnett, P. David Marshall they highlight the utility of seeing web as a medium rather than its content because it points in the right direction how a technology incorporates other technologies in the early stages and evolves on a long-term basis rather than replacing past technologies as web uses voice, text, visual and graphics to convey messages and linked with other networks and similar sites.(Robert Burnett, P. David Marshall. 2003 p: 17) In addition McLuhan saw the expansion of television and other communication technology internationally he came with an idea of global village. (Robert Burnett, P. David Marshall. 2003 p: 18). According to Robert Burnett, P. David Marshall this idea of global village in respect of television internationally a least for 80 years in their view television as a media technology has been a major force for the culmination of nation state and nationalistic cultures as well they concl uded in some circumstances the television and other media technologies can have similarities for example the death of Kennedy televised across the world may have produced a kind of global village.However they rejected that these events did not produce sense of community like a village, which depended on interpersonal knowledge to make sense of the world. (Robert Burnett, P. David Marshall. 2003 p: 18)Evaluation of Technological determinism based on Web TheoryMcLuhan also has theorized technology can produce electronic collective consciousness. (Robert Burnett, P. David Marshall. 2003, p: 19). In the view of Robert Burnett, P. David Marshall this idea is utopian however they concluded that in smaller ways web technology can produce collective consciousness because of its nature and accessibility to information learning in schools and beyond has become to retrieve information and transform in to knowledge and action rather than route learning and memorization in western societies befo re advent of the web. (Robert Burnett, P. David Marshall. 2003, p: 19).As well Robert Burnett, P. David Marshall point in page 20 that technology can shape our behavior in particular ways so that we often become unified with the technology and give examples of driving a car and it has to become automatic to drive the car with confidence.According to Mumford technology has become out-of control and poised to ask question whether web has become out-of-control and a channel for further centralization of power or web is an extension of general human interest and democratizing knowledge and power? As well on an individual level one can ask the question does the web intuitively an extension of self in to kind of collective network of knowledge or information or the individual is absorbed in to the web technology which produces technological rationality that does not allow the individual to examine the system the individual is using.(Robert Burnett, P. David Marshall, 2003, p: 20). Accordi ng to Robert Burnett, P. David Marshall these questions are complex and there is no simple answer and it depends on the web culture and the kind of information and knowledge it generates. (Robert Burnett, P. David Marshall, 2003, p: 20).Examples of existence of Radio and Television in the advent of web TechnologyIn the western world even in the era of web technology some groups get news and other information as a medium as opposed to web technology because of its appropriateness to some groups and in some contexts. For example if say a politician wants to convey a message then Television and radio is preferable to web technology as web technology is not accessible to may people and it has to have some interaction than the other medium and web technology is diffused than has a central point. That is the older technologies have their niche markets even in the advent of web technology and web technology supplements the other older technologies and they don’t replace overnight th ese technologies but in an evolutionary manner they enter in to our lives. The technology in itself has an impact on society.However as envisaged by the technological determinist theorists the dominant technology does not change in a revolutionary manner the society and other factors such as economic, Institutional, social patterns and cultural factors shape the use of technology and they play a part in shaping the society as a whole. In addition all previous technologies loose their transformation power after some time. For example Radio when invented promised a kind of utopian future for human knowledge, education and enhancement and change society in a revolutionary manner but radio did not realize this vision as envisaged by many technological determinist writers and powerful leaders at that time. It applies to Television as well.In addition news papers and libraries still exist side by side with web technology but they use web technologyTo advertise their services and to delive r services efficiently and expand markets as web technology is more spatial than the other technologies.ConclusionAs discussed above technology definitely to some extent shape our lives. However it does not shape our life in a revolutionary manner as proposed by the technological determinist theorists. Other factors play a part in shaping the technology itself and social, Institutional, political and cultural factors affect societies development and progress as well. In addition the new media technology as discussed above do not replace it but supplements and converge. It is also from the above discussion some theoretical insights in a limited manner applies to web technology as well in terms of its collective consciousness in some contexts and seeing web as a medium and the human-technological interface as theorized by some technological determinist theorists.In my view the Technological determinist theory is applicable in some circumstances and context but it is not applicable to web technology or any other technology that technology itself will transform society. However web technology compared to older technology has a potential to be in our day-to-day life in a long-term trajectory because of its versatility and its special communication medium.BibliographyRobert Burnett, P. David Marshall, (2003) Web Theory: An Introduction, Chapter 1: Web Technology, London & NY: Routledge, pp7-22

Kinematics analysis of data Essay

From the data we gathered on this experiment, the effects of the height of the track can greatly affect the acceleration of the cart. Base on the data on the table, the higher the height of the track will have higher acceleration and will lead to higher sinÃŽ ¸. From this, it implies that the higher the displacement of the track will lead to the higher acceleration of the cart. The reason why the cart will have higher acceleration to higher displacement is because of the continues gravitational pull to the cart without restriction to its track. Time and the inclination of the track are interrelated to each other. As for the higher the inclination of the track will lead to shorter time to takes the cart to goes down to the track. The time will become shorter because as for the higher the inclination of the track will also have higher acceleration which means the cart will become faster and that’s why it will takes shorter time to goes down to the track. The difference between the picket fence’s acceleration and the value of g is the value of the slope of a graph of average velocity versus time will be the acceleration due to gravity of the falling object. And also the value of g is the computed value for the free fall acceleration, while the picket fence’s acceleration is the value that gathered by manual experimentation for the free fall acceleration, that is also why the data on the g of table 2 and the data on table 3 have the similarities on the digits or values.

ramayana essays

ramayana essays The poetic author, Valmiki, does not calls Rama the perfect man in his well known tale of Ramayana for no reason. For this story has been a legendary epic that many generations of the Hindu culture have been modeling their society after, for over two thousand years. It has been an influential teaching for children and scholars of all ages because of its simplicity and exemplary concepts and virtues of the Hindu people. From childhood most Indians learn the characters and incidents of this epic and they furnish the morals, ideals and wisdom of common life. This epic helps to bind together the many peoples of India, transcending caste, distance and language by showing all the perfect way to practice dharma throughout one's life. As will be explored in this essay, one can derive many of the virtues of the Hindu culture and religion such as perfectionism, honesty, order, obedience and respect, and active asceticism through warfare. All these characteristics make a human being perfect and are achieved through the practice of dharma, as explicitly shown by the main character of Ramayana - Rama. Warfare is used in the Ramayana to express the ideas of dharma which is associated with Hinduism. In the Ramayana, warfare plays the role of religion and society. Rama lived his entire life in an exemplary manner - by the rules of dharma. When Rama was a young boy, he was the perfect son. Later he was an ideal husband to his faithful wife, Sita, and finally a responsible ruler of Aydohya. The first example of obedience and respect displayed by Rama is vivid when the news of his banishment, enforced by his own parents, are brought to him. He handles the situation with remarkably patient and wise attitude and says to his stepmother, "I gladly obey father's command ...Why, I would go even if you ordered it." By doing this and not fighting, he shows characteristics of great piety to his parents and the lack of desire to be a powerful and...

Situation Ethics Essay Sample

Situation Ethics Essay Sample Situation Ethics Essay One of the most controversial topics in ethics is called situational ethics. Basically, situation ethics is a doctrine in ethics which is based on the belief that our moral code â€Å"should be based on a case-to-case basis.† What makes this doctrine controversial is that more people subscribe to the opposite idea in which morality should be absolute and withstanding despite any other factors that come into play. In contrast with the laws established in any particular land or country, the ethics (which is how people subscribe and abide by those laws) are pre-established and are supposed to be absolute regardless of anything that happens. This is especially the case for the earliest establishment of the law and law enforcement, where anyone who goes beyond or outside the rules are not only considered ‘unethical’ but also sanctioned. However, as societies grow and change, they become open to new ideas which include the concept of openness to fresh perspectives. This is the reason why today laws include sub-clauses that give a little flexibility to anything that might happen, and anyone who would break the law must also prove that these exceptions (as dedicated by the law) have indeed happened. Nevertheless, the law and the ethics that comes with it today still remains absolute. This makes it more similar to situational ethics is that it has more flexibility despite the fact that it is not entirely a case-to-case basis just as what situational ethics stands for. Rather, the rule of law just includes what it thinks are all the possible solutions. However, there is an issue which the situations which might arise and which are not included in the coded law. This is another argument of those people who argue that situational ethics should prevail over these circumstances. A move that would consider the situation more rather than what the society prescribes based on statements written on a piece of paper. Aside from what has already stated above, situation ethics does not contradict the coded law which is at the societal level. Just as how it contradicts these societal constructs, situational ethics might also appear in resistance with our own personal belief systems. As we all know, our personal belief systems are based on our own culture and society which dictates what we should believe in. On a deeper level, these societal norms mold us more than the things and ideas that we can put into words. And, as people with these different personal beliefs clash with each other (e.g. people with a different religion) ethics based on the coded rules of each might fail to show who’s right, or at least resolve the conflict between these entities of different mindsets. This is another place where situational ethics could thrive. A place where different beliefs, that suggests different codes of ethics, crashes into each other and creates an anomie, or a phenomenon with the lack of social o r ethical standards within a group of people. By using situational ethics (e.g. respect for other people’s culture) in a place where cultural-based ethics (e.g. differences of meaning of particular gestures) clashes with one another, every other person could thrive and live peacefully with one another. Overall, it could be summarized from all the points stated above, that in most places different ethics (regional-based/constitutional) are determined by their own culture, mindset, and upbringing. However, as these differences meet and clash with each other, conflicts might arise. Therefore, in these conflicts, situational ethics can prove to be the best alternative in order for everyone to consolidate, reach a conclusion, and live together peacefully despite any and all differences that they have.

What would you do Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What would you do - Essay Example A friend had advised me that he had on occasion included a line item into his budget called a â€Å"Radio† item that would in essence make a lot of noise and attract attention but could be "unplugged" easily. He said that after the council focused all its attention on that item and it was finally removed, everything else would be approved with little question. The initial dilemma revolves around whether or not I would use some sort of ‘smoke and mirrors’ strategy to pass a budget that I personally believe to be sound. Or do I prepare a budget to the best of my ability and let it come under exceptional scrutiny. What this translates to is that I could examine this scenario from either an egoist perspective in which I would act in accordance with what I personally believe is in my own self interest or if I should view this situation under a utilitarian perspective in which I should choose the solution that brings the greatest good to the greatest number of people. There are a number of externalities to consider in this situation. One major concern is the decision making process of the town council. If it is the case that they are reasonable decision makers than it would be that I would possibly act differently if they are a group of vindictive or corrupt people. Secondly, special consideration must be made on the special conditions or items that I am placing in my own budget. For example, there may be a budget requirement that I believe is necessary for the effective running of a government bureau. If it is unlikely that a council will approve of this budgetary requirement, I may be persuaded to use some underhanded methods (Such as utilizing aggressive sales tactics) to educate the council of the benefits of this line item. Special consideration must be afforded to the idea that there may be some regulatory board that oversees my actions and if I were to use a ‘Radio’ tactic it may be that there are some serious legal ramifications that